| DIRECTOR AND OFFICER LIABILITY |
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| THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACTMore... |
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| The Rule 505 Exemption from Registration Requirements for Small Securities Offerings |
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| Before selling shares of stock to the public, a company normally must file a detailed registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The usual registration statement must contain a prospectus with audited financial statements and other information required for review by Commission staff. However, several exemptions from registration requirements are available for stock offerings that are of lesser value or sold to restricted categories of purchasers. More... |
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| BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE |
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| The business judgment rule is available to shield a director from liability when the following elements are present: (1) a business decision; (2) disinterestedness or absence of self-dealing; (3) due care; (4) good faith; and (5) no abuse of discretion. Proof to establish these elements must generally be present to shield a director from personal liability for a challenged business decision.
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| Types of Mergers Analyzed Under Section 7 of the Clayton Act |
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| Mergers which are likely to substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce are illegal under Section Seven of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C.S. § 18. The type of merger -- horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate -- will affect consideration of the potential illegality of the merger.More... |
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| Employees' Duty of Loyalty |
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| Generally, an employee owes the duty of undivided loyalty to his or her employer. Courts take varying approaches to the issue of an employee's duty of loyalty. Some jurisdictions do not acknowledge a separate cause of action for an employee's breach of loyalty unless there is a fiduciary relationship between the employer and the employee. The claim is usually pleaded as a breach of a fiduciary duty. Some jurisdictions recognize a separate claim for an employee's breach of the duty of loyalty but also acknowledge its relationship to a fiduciary breach. A common thread in all jurisdictions is that employees who occupy a position of trust and confidence owe their employers a higher duty of loyalty than lower-level employees. The scope of the duty of loyalty depends on the particular fact circumstances and the nature of the employment relationship.
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